ロシア情勢総合スレ Part.4 [sc] | レス317

317 2016/01/24(日) 11:29:53.11

Fast reactor progress at Beloyarsk - Nuclear Engineering International | 14 January 2016
http://www.neimagazine.com/features/featurefast-reactor-progress-at-beloyarsk-4784803/

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As Russia’s next generation sodium-cooled fast reactor, BN-800, nears commercial operation,
we look at the recent progress the country has made in closing the fuel cycle.
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Work on fast reactor development was started in the 1950s in all leading countries pursuing
nuclear power - the USA, France, Great Britain and then Germany, Japan and India. Later,
China and South Korea started working in this area. However Russia has had more progress
than any other country.

The first fast reactor designs were drawn up by the Soviets in 1949, and in 1955 the BR-1
zero power reactor was commissioned at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering
(IPPE) in Obninsk. In 1959 the larger BR-5 was commissioned and acted as a testbed
for the first sodium-cooled reactors. It was later upgraded to 8MW capacity and became
known as the BR-10. In 1969 the BOR-60, with a power capacity of 60MWe, was commissioned
at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (RIAR) in the city of Dimitrovgrad, near Ulyanovsk.
On the basis of research done at these institutes, the BN-350 reactor in Kazakhstan
and the BN-600 at Beloyarsk were commissioned.

Today, the only sodium-cooled fast reactor under commercial operation is the BN-600
at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant in Russia. BN-600 has been under continuous operation
for almost 30 years and has been instrumental in development of the closed fuel cycle in Russia.

The BN-600 is a three-loop design with the reactor and primary pumps submerged in a large pool
of liquid sodium. The secondary circuits comprise three loops each with a steam generator
and a secondary sodium pump. The steam supplies three 200MW turbines. Each steam generator
consists of eight sections comprising an evaporator, superheater and reheater, which are connected
by manifold and can be isolated on both sodium and steam sides.

Over its operating life the BN-600 reactor has been upgraded and the lifetime of its key components
(including the steam generators, sodium pumps and intermediate heat exchangers) extended. This led
in April 2010, to the Russian nuclear regulator, Rostekhnadzor, issuing a licence for the operation
of Beloyarsk 3 until 31 March 2020. During the licensing process, studies were performed to validate
the lifetime of the reactor components for 45 years of operation, which means another five-year
licence extension may be possible in future.

Recently, a milestone was achieved in the construction of Russia's next generation sodium cooled
fast reactor, the BN-800 at Beloyarsk 4. Construction of the BN-800 and plans for a larger BN-1600,
began in 1984, with startup of the BN-800 then planned for 1992. But after the 1986 Chernobyl
accident in Ukraine, construction of all new nuclear plants in Russia was frozen. Later, in the 1990s,
construction was delayed because of the economic situation in the wake of the Soviet collapse.
During this period, the project was improved to take account of state-of-the-art technology
and revised regulations concerning reliability, safety and ecological requirements. Construction began
in earnest in 2006.

Viktor Saruda, general director of Uralenergostroy, general contractor for all the Beloyarsk units,
described the construction of Beloyarsk 4 as a "bridge between the past and the future."